Neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1

What is Neurofibromatosis type 1?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, ORPHA:636) affects mainly skin and nerves and occurs in 1 in 2,000 - 2,500 individuals. Individuals with NF1 have darker coloured spots (birthmarks) on the skin. They develop noncancerous tumours along the nerves of the skin, and other regions of the body. Some children are born with a growing tumour on a long region of a nerve with a potential to cause symptoms by pressure on organs or nerves (plexiform). It is possible that such a tumour will develop into cancer in adolescence as an adult. Sometimes tumours develop in young children on the nerve from the eye to the brain leading to blindness. Individuals with NF1 have an increased risk for a number of other rare tumours. Females with NF1 between 30 and 50 years have a higher chance of developing breast cancer. NF1 affected people also have an increased risk of high blood pressure and skeletal problems such as a high curvature of the spine. Many children have some form of learning disability, concentration or communication problem.

What causes Neurofibromatosis type 1?

NF1 is caused by a genetic error in one of the two copies of the NF1 gene on chromosome 17.

How is Neurofibromatosis type 1 inherited?

The condition is inherited from parent to offspring with a chance of 1 in 2. Half of the individuals with NF1 do not have an affected parent and the genetic error started with the person.  This genetic error can be detected by a genetic analysis of the blood to be sure that the patient does not have another condition with spots on the skin.

What are the surveillance options?

Children have to be monitored on a yearly basis for vision, blood pressure, growth of plexiform neurofibromas, development, skeletal problems and school career. Depending on the presence or absence of tumours as assessed by a whole body MRI at the age of 16-18 years, adults might need a specific yearly follow-up. Otherwise a follow-up every 3 years might be sufficient. It is recommended that females have yearly breast MRI (preferred) or mammograms preferably starting at the age of 30 years.

More information regarding Neurofibromatosis type 1 can be found on:

GeneReviews® - Neurofibromatosis type 1
Orphanet: Neurofibromatosis type 1
ERN CRANIO (regarding the craniofacial anomalies of neurofibromatosis)

 

ERN GENTURIS documents

Clinical practice guidelines  

ERN GENTURIS care pathway

ERN GENTURIS patient journey

ERN GENTURIS publications

Written by ERN GENTURIS

Endorsed by ERN GENTURIS*

Neurofibromatosis 1 guideline - ERN GENTURIS tumour surveillance guidelines for individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: an international consensus recommendation.

Care pathway - Neurofibromatosis type 1

Patient journey - Neurofibromatosis type 1

Thematic Group 1: Schwannomatosis and neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

 

* ERN GENTURIS uses AGREE II as a tool for the endorsement of guidelines. The quality of the guideline is evaluated through assessing the rigor and transparency of the guideline development process. The content of the guideline is not evaluated, although selection of the guideline for endorsement includes expert opinion on the usefulness of the content of the guideline.

 

ERN GENTURIS education

ERN GENTURIS webinars - Thematic group 1: Neurofibromatosis

ERN GENTURIS webinars - General

 

ERN GENTURIS healthcare providers

A list of healthcare providers with expertise inThematic Group 1: schwannomatosis and neurofibromatosis can be found here.

 

Patient associations for hereditary cancer syndromes

A non-exhaustive list of patient associations for genetic tumour risk syndromes in EU member states can be found here.